Previously, a draw could only be claimed if the same sequence of moves occurred three times. The rules were changed after World Champion and mathematician Max Euwe used the Thue-Morse sequence to show that, in theory, a game could go on infinitely long without ever repeating the same sequence of moves. Of course, since there are only finitely many positions, if a game goes on infinitely long.
Origin:
'Debating creationists on the topic of evolution is rather like trying to play chess with a pigeon; it knocks the pieces over, craps on the board, and flies back to its flock to claim victory.' -- Scott D. Weitzenhoffer (From an Amazon.com book review)
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Play Chess With A Pigeon
Draw by repetition is a kind of draw that can happen in chess due to the threefold-repetition rule. This rule is in place to prevent games from going on forever with the same moves being made over and over!
The threefold-repetition rule says that if a position arises three times in a game, either player can claim a draw during that position. On Chess.com, this draw happens automatically on the third repetition.
One thing to remember is that the repeated positions do not need to be in a row. The three positions can happen at any point in the game. If a position is repeated three times, no matter where in the game, on the third time it will be declared a draw.
Consider the below game, in which a position was repeated three times on move 51, 53 and 55:
Move 51 for black:
Move 53 for black:
Move 55 for black:
It doesn't matter that there are other moves in between, what matters is that this exact position happened three times. On the third time it is declared a draw.
Even if there were 10 different king and queen moves in between these moves it still would have ended as a draw. The only thing that matters is that this exact position was repeated 3 times in the same game. On the third time (move 55 for black) the game was automatically declared a draw.
Pigeon Playing Chess
If, for example, a pawn had been moved, or the bishop or rook moved to another square, the position would be different and the draw would not have happened.
So, pay attention to the position if you want to avoid (or cause) a draw by repetition!